In an era before forensic science, surveillance cameras, and instant communication, criminal investigations relied heavily on rumor, circumstance, and witness testimony, often with devastating consequences. When violence struck a small 19th-century village like Chelsea, authorities worked with limited tools and intense public pressure to restore order quickly. One such case, the 1863 murder of John C. Depew, reveals both how crime was investigated “back then” and how fragile justice could be in a close-knit community.
Chelsea, Michigan, is widely celebrated for its quaint charm and community feel. From the Purple Rose Theatre to The Common Grill and Jiffy Mix, the city has managed to make quite a positive reputation for itself. Chelsea is also a considerably safe city with low crime rates– mostly petty offenses. There have, however, been infrequent occasions in which violence has complicated this serene image. These occasions have not stained Chelsea’s reputation, but instead serve as a reminder that violence and greed can infiltrate even the most peaceful communities.
Thursday, September 10th, 1863; the day seemed to start like any other for John C. Depew. He was a well-respected member of the Chelsea community, successful and educated. Between legal work, installing grain drills, and conducting personal business affairs, Depew was a busy man. On September 10th, Depew was engaged in business with a man named Ebenezer Arnold; he sold Arnold agricultural machinery in a cash transaction, amounting to anywhere from $300-$500—adjusted for inflation, that would be approximately $7,717-$12,861 in 2026. After the sale and a hard day at work, Depew set off for his home; he lived about a mile west of the village of Chelsea, and taking his usual route along the railroad track, departed between approximately 10:00 and 11:00 that night. However, after “Not reaching home for a day or two—during which time his family supposed him at the village—his friends became alarmed and instituted inquiries which led to suspicion of foul play” (Michigan Argus, September 18th, 1863). By Sunday, September 13th, a systematic search was being carried out in hopes of locating the missing man and his funds…