The numbers on this map indicate Alaska’s 19 boroughs. In addition, the state has 146 incorporated cities. (Local Boundary Commission map)
When I think of local governments in Alaska, I’m often reminded of just how different they are. There’s no easy way to say that one decision or another will impact all cities and boroughs equally as they’ll experience policy and budget decisions on a very individual basis.
Size is a pretty important factor, both in terms of staff but in available tax base. I know of some cities with maybe one employee, and others with hundreds. While each local government has basic obligations to the state and residents, these are felt and delivered differently depending on how much bandwidth you have. At the same time, with a limited tax base, a city or borough may focus on the essentials. With a larger tax base, it’s easy to see elected officials adding to the suite of services they deliver, which residents benefit from.
Classification is another way to think about local governments, and limits or expands the powers of a city or borough. Some of the most limited governments in the state are actually home rule governments, even as this classification is also where you’ll find the most expansive powers. Where there’s home rule, residents determine the rules through a charter. In general law, or second-class communities, the Legislature is more actively saying what can and can’t be delivered by a local government, and if a city or borough wants to add a power, they must ask the Legislature to change law, instead of local voters.