Lichens are organisms formed by fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. They are often found on fruit trees and contribute to the ecosystem by forming crust-like structures on tree bark. While they are usually harmless, tree growers may worry about their potential effects on fruit trees.
Lichens result from a beneficial relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner. They can be found on rocks, soil, and tree bark, and come in various forms and colors. In orchards, they are often found on fruit tree bark. They are not parasites and do not harm trees directly, but their presence can suggest certain environmental conditions.
Lichens grow well in clean, low-pollution areas, indicating a healthy ecosystem. However, too much lichen can block sunlight from reaching the tree bark, which may affect photosynthesis and tree health. Therefore, it’s important to control lichen growth for the health of fruit trees.
There are several ways to control lichen growth. Pruning branches and thinning the canopy can improve air circulation and prevent too much lichen. Proper nutrition for the fruit trees and monitoring soil moisture can also help, as lichens like damp environments. In severe cases, chemical treatments can be used, but they may harm both the lichens and the fruit trees. Lichens can also be physically removed, but this must be done carefully to avoid damaging the tree bark. Certain birds and insects that eat lichens can also help control lichen populations.